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koolhydraten, rauw voer en gedrag

Geplaatst: do 07 nov 2013, 11:07
door Juul
Van een ander forum (Duits)
Ik ben benieuwd wat jullie hiervan vinden en hoe het precies zit.
Ik heb eigenlijk eerder de omgekeerde ervaring. Toen Falco in een grijs verleden nog veel koolhydraten (brok) kreeg, was ie ontzettend prikkelbaar.

1. Kohlehydratarme Ernährung kann dazu führen, dass Tryptophan die Blut-Hirn-Schranke nicht überschreiten kann, was dazu führen kann, dass der Hund gestresst, hektisch, ängstlich und agressiv ist.
2. Wie der Hund auf mangelndes Tryptophan im Hirn reagiert ist individuell und vermutlich auch rassebedingt unterschiedlich.
3. KH fördern die Aufnahme von Tryptophan
a. Gute KH sind Reis, Kartoffeln, Karotten, Gerste, Hafer, Obst
b. Schlechte KH, weil sie wiederum andere Abbauprodukte hinterlassen, die stressfördernd sind, sind Mais, Weizen, Soja ...
4. Es wird empfohlen, Hunden die unter Stress leiden, hektisch, ängstlich oder sehr aufbrausend sind, eine extra Portion KH (natürlich die guten) zu füttern.

Bei sehr nervösen, hektischen Hunden hat man mit Lammfleisch und gekochtem Mais (Polenta) gute Resultate erzielt, die Hunde sind ruhiger und ausgeglichener geworden. Wild, Rind und Innereien sollten nicht gefüttert werden.

Re: koolhydraten, rauw voer en gedrag

Geplaatst: do 07 nov 2013, 13:32
door tammie
Hondengedragskundigen, bepaalde, gebruiken ook vers voeding bij inzet van therapie.
Dus kortom ik geef jou gelijk.

Ik heb zelf ook verder gezocht op internet.
Kwam daarbij deze link tegen die denk ik nog het meest waardevol is en waarvan ik dit soort dingen wel eens vaker heb gelezen waaronder van de omega 3.
Je moet wel een heel eind naar beneden bladeren overigens, naar paging 69

http://www.sorag.nl/proefles/download/Hondengedrag.pdf

Gisteravond las ik dat honden ook stoffen die direct te maken hebben met gedrag tijdens hun eten aanmaken. Eten is ook een belangrijk onderdeel van de dag voor honden. Als ik kijk hier naar de meiden dan leeft Pepper echt toe naar de versmaaltijden. Dat verschil zie ik heel duidelijk nadat ik volledig ben overgestapt op BARF, met brokken was dit veel minder duidelijk aanwezig. Ook het kluiven aan bv. karkassen doet naar mijn idee veel meer dan alleen de tanden schoonmaken. Het voorziet ook voor een gedeelte in psychische behoefte.
Kijk ik naar bovenstaande link dan kan ik de conclussie trekken dat bv. een omega 3 gewoon in hun versmaaltijd voorkomt, evenals vitamine B en C in een goed barmenu gewoon al voorkomen.

Maar dit is mijn mening, ook ik weet (gelukkig) niet alles ;)

Re: koolhydraten, rauw voer en gedrag

Geplaatst: wo 13 nov 2013, 21:41
door Envie
Ik kwam laatst een oud exemplaar van ''onze hond'' (blad) tegen met een heel artikel over wolven en hun gedrag in relatie tot de hond.

De schrijver, die jarenlang wolven in t wild heeft geobserveerd, legde uit hoe eiwitten uit melk kalmerende invloeden hadden op een roedel. Wanneer er onrust in de groep was, of zou kunnen ontstaan door het introduceren van de nieuwe welpen, zorgde het alfa wijfje dat er zoveel mogelijk op jonge zogende dieren werd gejaagd. Het eten van melkmagen zou kalmerend werken voor de roedel.

(dit is even mijn versie van wat ik er nog van weet, het blad kan ik even niet vinden...) 

Re: koolhydraten, rauw voer en gedrag

Geplaatst: za 16 nov 2013, 09:10
door Lizzy
Mijn Duits is niet wat het nooit geweest is....

Re: koolhydraten, rauw voer en gedrag

Geplaatst: za 16 nov 2013, 22:49
door Sanyo
Interessant...
Ik heb geen idee of koolhydraten er inderdaad voor kunnen zorgen dat tryptofaan uit de voeding beter de bloed/hersenbarierre passeert.
Wellicht dat Tannetje of Fido daar iets over kunnen zeggen?

Wat ik overigens tegenstrijdig vind in je quote, is dat eerst mais wordt genoemd als een slechte koolhydraat en er vervolgens wordt er gezegd dat er goede resultaten zijn geboekt met het voeren van lamsvlees en mais.

Re: koolhydraten, rauw voer en gedrag

Geplaatst: za 16 nov 2013, 23:28
door Sarah5
Ik lees even mee...

Re: koolhydraten, rauw voer en gedrag

Geplaatst: zo 17 nov 2013, 01:03
door Annemarie Rijnveld
Hier nog iets over Tryptofaan en Tyrosine:
http://healthypets.mercola.com/sites/he ... viors.aspx
How Certain Nutrients May Improve Problem Behavior in Dogs

By Dr. Becker


Most breeds of dogs have evolved to serve a certain specific purpose for humans.

Herding, retrieving and guarding are examples.

The purpose for which dogs were originally bred influences their physical and behavioral characteristics to this day, even though most dogs no longer have jobs to do for their humans.

Today's dogs also live inside houses with their families, where they are expected to behave with 'indoor manners.'

The natural instincts of dogs are often at odds with their modern day lifestyles.

As a result, millions of wonderful animals are dropped off at shelters each year by people who can't or aren't willing to manage disruptive canine behaviors like aggression, destructiveness, running away, excessive barking and house soiling.

Fortunately, there are also many people interested in learning how to deal more effectively with their pet's undesirable behavior.

Obedience training is the route many dog parents take.

Meanwhile, a handful of researchers are investigating the role nutrition plays in canine behavior, and whether adding or removing specific nutrients from the diet alters a dog's temperament and conduct.

How Certain Nutrients May Improve Problem Behavior in Dogs


Behavior in animals (including humans) is regulated by neurotransmitters and hormones. These substances have precursors, which are chemical compounds that precede them in metabolic pathways.

The main theory behind nutrition and its ability to alter canine behavior is that making these precursors more – or less – available, may make a difference in a dog's conduct.

Tryptophan, for example, is the precursor of serotonin (a neurotransmitter). It is believed its presence or absence may affect aggression and stress resistance in dogs.

Tyrosine, a precursor of catecholamines (hormones produced by the adrenal gland), may also affect aggression and stress resistance.

Let's take a look at some of the nutrients being studied for their possible beneficial effects on canine behavior.

Tryptophan and Tyrosine


Tryptophan is one of the large neutral amino acids (LNAA) that can cross the blood-brain barrier depending on how much free tryptophan and other LNAA are available in the body.

Increasing dietary tryptophan through supplementation can increase the amount of serotonin in the brain, which has been shown to reduce aggression and improve recovery from stress in some animals. Even though tryptophan is found in protein-containing foods, it is in relatively small supply compared to other LNAA. And in fact, a high protein meal actually decreases the ratio of tryptophan to other LNAA. This is why dietary supplementation is recommended.

I use a product called NutriCalm, which can be prescribed by vets. Over the counter tryptophan options include Animal Health Options ProQuiet and Vet's Best Comfort Calm.

Tyrosine, another amino acid, has also been shown to have a beneficial effect on stress in humans and other animals.

Unlike tryptophan, tyrosine is usually found in high concentrations in high protein meals.

Low-Protein Diets


A few studies conducted outside controlled experimental environments have been used to measure the impact of lower protein diets on aggressive dogs.

The results are largely inconclusive. In addition, while there may be a link between low dietary protein and decreased aggression in other types of animals, I'm unconvinced this is a useful approach for carnivores. Just as feeding your dog a raw diet will not, as some people believe, give him a taste for blood and drive him to randomly prey on cows or chickens or sheep, neither do I believe a diet rich in animal protein makes dogs more aggressive.

I would never recommend reducing the amount of high-quality protein in a dog's diet in an attempt to modify behavior.

Nourishing your pet with a grain-based diet will induce an insulin release (to balance high blood sugar after ingesting a high carb diet), and in turn, a cortisol release (to balance low blood sugar). Similar to people who have 10:00 am and 2:00 pm post-meal sluggishness (and require a nap), dogs will become more sedate after ingesting insulin-prompting carbohydrates.

Nourishing a dog with protein means no post-meal sluggishness … another way of saying, 'No nap required! Ready to play at any time!' Although carb-loading has become a common trend with humans, carb loading dogs (to induce the post-carb 'downer' effect) isn't an appropriate behavior moderation tool, in my opinion. Training and exercise are the correct tools to deal with behavior issues, not feeding an inappropriate diet to create a more sedate dog.

Physical exercise elevates serotonin levels in the body. Serotonin offsets cortisol and other stress hormones. Well-exercised dogs are much less likely to have behavioral problems than those who don't get enough opportunities for physical activity.

Most dog owners underestimate the amount of exercise their pet needs, and this is especially true for breeds with high activity levels. For healthy, young and middle-aged dogs, a minimum of 45 to 60 minutes of exercise twice a day is recommended. And at least 20 minutes of your pet's 45-60 minute sessions should involve heart-thumping aerobic exercise.

A recent stress-reduction study conducted with shelter dogs confirmed that even short (25 minute) sessions of exercise and human contact lowered the animals' cortisol levels and improved their scores on a behavior test. 

DHA


Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) which in humans has a beneficial effect on inflammation and cognition.

Increased PUFA into the cellular membranes of the brain supports improved flow of neurotransmitters between cells.

Studies with rodents indicate DHA-rich diets improve learning ability and diets deficient in DHA have the opposite effect.

In a large-scale study of puppies fed an enhanced-DHA diet before and after birth, the pups made fewer errors during training and had a higher training performance index than puppies fed a diet containing normal amounts of DHA.

Since a diet rich in omega-3 essential fatty acids, including DHA, has so many other health benefits for pets, any positive impact they may have on a dog's behavior is icing on the cake.

Fiber


Behaviors many dog owners find annoying are whining and begging for food, food stealing, trash and dumpster diving, and other similar conduct that seems to stem from feelings of hunger. Researchers have therefore considered the possibility that a fiber-rich diet, which is presumably more satiating to dogs, might play a role in curbing undesirable food-seeking behavior.

I absolutely disagree with this notion and would never encourage a dog owner to feed more dietary fiber as a way to correct food-seeking behavior.

Number one, I find it hard to imagine how more grains, carbs and starches could possibly be crammed into most of the popular commercial pet food brands on the market today. Most of those foods are already stuffed to the brim with fiber.

Number two, fiber is not species-appropriate nutrition for carnivores. Excessive amounts of fiber can block absorption of healthy nutrients into the small intestine. It acts as a mechanical barrier, preventing trace minerals, vitamins and antioxidants from getting to and through the walls of your pet's gastrointestinal tract.

Chances are, if a dog's food-seeking behavior isn't primarily learned (in other words, the behavior has been rewarded in the past), it's coming from a lack of adequate protein at the cellular level. Chronic deprivation of species-appropriate nutrients to the cells can result in feelings of constant hunger.

Behavior Modifying Nutrients Must Also Be Species-Appropriate


I absolutely believe the nutrition you feed your companion animal influences the workings not only of her body from the neck down, but also her brain and to some extent her behavior.

And I think it's wonderful that scientists are taking a look at cause-and-effect relationships between what dogs eat and how they behave.

But I think we need to be careful not to make this exploration all about the comfort and convenience of pet owners and others who share their lives with animals. Often what is most convenient for humans is not in the best interests of their pets. Our focus should be on discovering wonderful, natural, species-appropriate nutrients that promote the health and well-being of dogs while also helping to alleviate behavior problems.

In our efforts to curb certain undesirable dog behaviors through nutrition – especially if those behaviors are derived from natural canine instincts – we must insure we aren't creating ill health in the pets entrusted to our care.

Re: koolhydraten, rauw voer en gedrag

Geplaatst: zo 17 nov 2013, 01:11
door Lazy Garfield
Annemarie Rijnveld schreef: Hier nog iets over Tryptofaan en Tyrosine:
http://healthypets.mercola.com/sites/he ... viors.aspx
How Certain Nutrients May Improve Problem Behavior in Dogs

By Dr. Becker


Most breeds of dogs have evolved to serve a certain specific purpose for humans.

Herding, retrieving and guarding are examples.

The purpose for which dogs were originally bred influences their physical and behavioral characteristics to this day, even though most dogs no longer have jobs to do for their humans.

Today's dogs also live inside houses with their families, where they are expected to behave with 'indoor manners.'

The natural instincts of dogs are often at odds with their modern day lifestyles.

As a result, millions of wonderful animals are dropped off at shelters each year by people who can't or aren't willing to manage disruptive canine behaviors like aggression, destructiveness, running away, excessive barking and house soiling.

Fortunately, there are also many people interested in learning how to deal more effectively with their pet's undesirable behavior.

Obedience training is the route many dog parents take.

Meanwhile, a handful of researchers are investigating the role nutrition plays in canine behavior, and whether adding or removing specific nutrients from the diet alters a dog's temperament and conduct.

How Certain Nutrients May Improve Problem Behavior in Dogs


Behavior in animals (including humans) is regulated by neurotransmitters and hormones. These substances have precursors, which are chemical compounds that precede them in metabolic pathways.

The main theory behind nutrition and its ability to alter canine behavior is that making these precursors more – or less – available, may make a difference in a dog's conduct.

Tryptophan, for example, is the precursor of serotonin (a neurotransmitter). It is believed its presence or absence may affect aggression and stress resistance in dogs.

Tyrosine, a precursor of catecholamines (hormones produced by the adrenal gland), may also affect aggression and stress resistance.

Let's take a look at some of the nutrients being studied for their possible beneficial effects on canine behavior.

Tryptophan and Tyrosine


Tryptophan is one of the large neutral amino acids (LNAA) that can cross the blood-brain barrier depending on how much free tryptophan and other LNAA are available in the body.

Increasing dietary tryptophan through supplementation can increase the amount of serotonin in the brain, which has been shown to reduce aggression and improve recovery from stress in some animals. Even though tryptophan is found in protein-containing foods, it is in relatively small supply compared to other LNAA. And in fact, a high protein meal actually decreases the ratio of tryptophan to other LNAA. This is why dietary supplementation is recommended.

I use a product called NutriCalm, which can be prescribed by vets. Over the counter tryptophan options include Animal Health Options ProQuiet and Vet's Best Comfort Calm.

Tyrosine, another amino acid, has also been shown to have a beneficial effect on stress in humans and other animals.

Unlike tryptophan, tyrosine is usually found in high concentrations in high protein meals.

Low-Protein Diets


A few studies conducted outside controlled experimental environments have been used to measure the impact of lower protein diets on aggressive dogs.

The results are largely inconclusive. In addition, while there may be a link between low dietary protein and decreased aggression in other types of animals, I'm unconvinced this is a useful approach for carnivores. Just as feeding your dog a raw diet will not, as some people believe, give him a taste for blood and drive him to randomly prey on cows or chickens or sheep, neither do I believe a diet rich in animal protein makes dogs more aggressive.

I would never recommend reducing the amount of high-quality protein in a dog's diet in an attempt to modify behavior.

Nourishing your pet with a grain-based diet will induce an insulin release (to balance high blood sugar after ingesting a high carb diet), and in turn, a cortisol release (to balance low blood sugar). Similar to people who have 10:00 am and 2:00 pm post-meal sluggishness (and require a nap), dogs will become more sedate after ingesting insulin-prompting carbohydrates.

Nourishing a dog with protein means no post-meal sluggishness … another way of saying, 'No nap required! Ready to play at any time!' Although carb-loading has become a common trend with humans, carb loading dogs (to induce the post-carb 'downer' effect) isn't an appropriate behavior moderation tool, in my opinion. Training and exercise are the correct tools to deal with behavior issues, not feeding an inappropriate diet to create a more sedate dog.

Physical exercise elevates serotonin levels in the body. Serotonin offsets cortisol and other stress hormones. Well-exercised dogs are much less likely to have behavioral problems than those who don't get enough opportunities for physical activity.

Most dog owners underestimate the amount of exercise their pet needs, and this is especially true for breeds with high activity levels. For healthy, young and middle-aged dogs, a minimum of 45 to 60 minutes of exercise twice a day is recommended. And at least 20 minutes of your pet's 45-60 minute sessions should involve heart-thumping aerobic exercise.

A recent stress-reduction study conducted with shelter dogs confirmed that even short (25 minute) sessions of exercise and human contact lowered the animals' cortisol levels and improved their scores on a behavior test. 

DHA


Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) which in humans has a beneficial effect on inflammation and cognition.

Increased PUFA into the cellular membranes of the brain supports improved flow of neurotransmitters between cells.

Studies with rodents indicate DHA-rich diets improve learning ability and diets deficient in DHA have the opposite effect.

In a large-scale study of puppies fed an enhanced-DHA diet before and after birth, the pups made fewer errors during training and had a higher training performance index than puppies fed a diet containing normal amounts of DHA.

Since a diet rich in omega-3 essential fatty acids, including DHA, has so many other health benefits for pets, any positive impact they may have on a dog's behavior is icing on the cake.

Fiber


Behaviors many dog owners find annoying are whining and begging for food, food stealing, trash and dumpster diving, and other similar conduct that seems to stem from feelings of hunger. Researchers have therefore considered the possibility that a fiber-rich diet, which is presumably more satiating to dogs, might play a role in curbing undesirable food-seeking behavior.

I absolutely disagree with this notion and would never encourage a dog owner to feed more dietary fiber as a way to correct food-seeking behavior.

Number one, I find it hard to imagine how more grains, carbs and starches could possibly be crammed into most of the popular commercial pet food brands on the market today. Most of those foods are already stuffed to the brim with fiber.

Number two, fiber is not species-appropriate nutrition for carnivores. Excessive amounts of fiber can block absorption of healthy nutrients into the small intestine. It acts as a mechanical barrier, preventing trace minerals, vitamins and antioxidants from getting to and through the walls of your pet's gastrointestinal tract.

Chances are, if a dog's food-seeking behavior isn't primarily learned (in other words, the behavior has been rewarded in the past), it's coming from a lack of adequate protein at the cellular level. Chronic deprivation of species-appropriate nutrients to the cells can result in feelings of constant hunger.

Behavior Modifying Nutrients Must Also Be Species-Appropriate


I absolutely believe the nutrition you feed your companion animal influences the workings not only of her body from the neck down, but also her brain and to some extent her behavior.

And I think it's wonderful that scientists are taking a look at cause-and-effect relationships between what dogs eat and how they behave.

But I think we need to be careful not to make this exploration all about the comfort and convenience of pet owners and others who share their lives with animals. Often what is most convenient for humans is not in the best interests of their pets. Our focus should be on discovering wonderful, natural, species-appropriate nutrients that promote the health and well-being of dogs while also helping to alleviate behavior problems.

In our efforts to curb certain undesirable dog behaviors through nutrition – especially if those behaviors are derived from natural canine instincts – we must insure we aren't creating ill health in the pets entrusted to our care.
Annemarie, heb je de vertaling er ook bij?  :P
Anders wordt het morgenochtend voordat ik dat begrijp.  :biggrin2:

Re: koolhydraten, rauw voer en gedrag

Geplaatst: zo 17 nov 2013, 08:23
door Lizzy
We wisten dit in 2004 overigens al :

http://www.barfplaats.nl/forum/index.ph ... #msg112138

Re: koolhydraten, rauw voer en gedrag

Geplaatst: zo 17 nov 2013, 08:35
door Lizzy
Juul schreef: Van een ander forum (Duits)
Ik ben benieuwd wat jullie hiervan vinden en hoe het precies zit.
Ik heb eigenlijk eerder de omgekeerde ervaring. Toen Falco in een grijs verleden nog veel koolhydraten (brok) kreeg, was ie ontzettend prikkelbaar.

1. Kohlehydratarme Ernährung kann dazu führen, dass Tryptophan die Blut-Hirn-Schranke nicht überschreiten kann, was dazu führen kann, dass der Hund gestresst, hektisch, ängstlich und agressiv ist.
2. Wie der Hund auf mangelndes Tryptophan im Hirn reagiert ist individuell und vermutlich auch rassebedingt unterschiedlich.
3. KH fördern die Aufnahme von Tryptophan
a. Gute KH sind Reis, Kartoffeln, Karotten, Gerste, Hafer, Obst
b. Schlechte KH, weil sie wiederum andere Abbauprodukte hinterlassen, die stressfördernd sind, sind Mais, Weizen, Soja ...
4. Es wird empfohlen, Hunden die unter Stress leiden, hektisch, ängstlich oder sehr aufbrausend sind, eine extra Portion KH (natürlich die guten) zu füttern.

Bei sehr nervösen, hektischen Hunden hat man mit Lammfleisch und gekochtem Mais (Polenta) gute Resultate erzielt, die Hunde sind ruhiger und ausgeglichener geworden. Wild, Rind und Innereien sollten nicht gefüttert werden.
Ik heb 'm even door de google translater gehaald.
De honden die vers eten maar groenten/fruit krijgen, zijn natuurlijk nooit zonder helemaal 100% koolhydraat. Maar het valt wel onder de noemer "low carb" denk ik zo. Als ik dan kijk naar de grote hoeveelheid honden die hier op low carb zitten, zou je toch denken dat wij veel gedragsproblemen moeten zien? Ik herken daar niks in.

Maar goed, dit is wel boeiend:

Abstract

Animal and human studies indicate that diet can alter plasma and brain concentrations of neurotransmitter precursors, with possible implications for the synthesis and release of brain neurotransmitters. The best known example is serotonin, whose synthesis is limited by the availability of its precursor, tryptophan, in the brain. Consuming tryptophan or a carbohydrate-rich, protein-poor meal increases brain levels of tryptophan and serotonin. Although a carbohydrate meal itself lacks tryptophan, the meal causes insulin to be secreted. Insulin, in turn, decreases plasma levels of large neutral amino acids that would ordinarily compete with tryptophan for transport across the blood-brain barrier. Resulting brain changes in serotonin provide a plausible mechanism whereby diet could affect behaviour. Research on human subjects suggests that ingesting tryptophan or carbohydrate can reduce subjective alertness and possibly influence some aspects of objective performance. Effects on sleep latency and on pain perception have also been detected. Behavioral effects may come about via the action of tryptophan on brain serotoninergic pathways, although other mechanisms may operate and must still be ruled out before the mechanism is certain.

Bron: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6400041

Ik zal eens verder zoeken of er ook onderzoeken zijn gedaan met honden.

Re: koolhydraten, rauw voer en gedrag

Geplaatst: zo 17 nov 2013, 08:38
door Lizzy
Effect of dietary protein content on behavior in dogs.
Dodman NH, Reisner I, Shuster L, Rand W, Luescher UA, Robinson I, Houpt KA.
Source

Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:

To determine the effect that feeding diets containing a low (17%), medium (25%), or high (32%) protein content would have on behavior in dogs.
DESIGN:

Prospective, controlled study.
ANIMALS:

12 dogs with dominance aggression, 12 dogs with hyperactivity, 12 dogs with territorial aggression, and 14 control dogs without behavioral problems.
PROCEDURE:

Dogs were fed each of the diets for a 2-week period, and owners were instructed to score their dogs' behavior on a daily basis.
RESULTS:

Behavior of the dogs with dominance aggression, dogs with hyperactivity, and control dogs was unchanged by the dietary manipulations. Territorial aggression was significantly reduced when dogs were fed the low- or medium-protein diet, compared with territorial aggression when fed the high-protein diet. Post hoc analysis indicated that this effect was attributable to a marked reduction in aggression in a subset of the group (n = 7) in which territorial aggression was a result of fear.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS:

Results of this study suggest that a reduction in dietary protein content is not generally useful in the treatment of behavior problems in dogs, but may be appropriate in dogs with territorial aggression that is a result of fear.

Bron: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8575968

====

En :

Effect of dietary protein content and tryptophan supplementation on dominance aggression, territorial aggression, and hyperactivity in dogs.
DeNapoli JS, Dodman NH, Shuster L, Rand WM, Gross KL.
Source

Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
Erratum in

    J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000 Oct 1;217(7):1012.

Abstract
OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the effect of high- and low-protein diets with or without tryptophan supplementation on behavior of dogs with dominance aggression, territorial aggression, and hyperactivity.
DESIGN:

Prospective crossover study.
ANIMALS:

11 dogs with dominance aggression, 11 dogs with territorial aggression, and 11 dogs with hyperactivity.
PROCEDURE:

In each group, 4 diets were fed for 1 weeks each in random order with a transition period of not < 3 days between each diet. Two diets had low protein content (approximately 18%), and 2 diets had high protein content (approximately 30%). Two of the diets (1 low-protein and 1 high-protein) were supplemented with tryptophan. Owners scored their dog's behavior daily by use of customized behavioral score sheets. Mean weekly values of 5 behavioral measures and serum concentrations of serotonin and tryptophan were determined at the end of each dietary period.
RESULTS:

For dominance aggression, behavioral scores were highest in dogs fed unsupplemented high-protein rations. For territorial aggression, [corrected] tryptophan-supplemented low-protein diets were associated with significantly lower behavioral scores than low-protein diets without tryptophan supplements.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:

For dogs with dominance aggression, the addition of tryptophan to high-protein diets or change to a low-protein diet may reduce aggression. For dogs with territorial aggression, tryptophan supplementation of a low-protein diet may be helpful in reducing aggression.

bron: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10953712

En ik vraag me dan af met wat voor eten deze studies zijn gedaan. Want honden krijgen via commerciele voeding al veel koolhydraat binnen.

Ik zoek nog ff verder.

Re: koolhydraten, rauw voer en gedrag

Geplaatst: zo 17 nov 2013, 08:44
door Lizzy
Geinig:

Can Diet Cause Aggression in Dogs?

Last month we dispelled the myth about raw diets being dangerous. This month we're going to address diets causing aggression in dogs. As always, I'm scouring the internet for valid information and research and I read a variety of responses and recommendations on this issue from the perspective of many different authors. These recommendations included reducing protein to control aggression, blaming aggression on not having enough fat in the diet, and current research trying to prove that adding tryptophan to the diet will curb aggression. There were recommendations stating more vegetables should be added to the dog's diet and one suggestion stating you should add 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which is a derivative of tryptophan, to a dog’s diet.

What I would like to do here is examine each of these theories, and look at how a diet may or may not change a dog’s behavior.

Many sources report reducing protein in the diet helps lessen aggression. But the best study I found doesn’t show that: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8575968 :

Effect of dietary protein content on behavior in dogs.

“Results of this study suggest that a reduction in dietary protein content is not generally useful in the treatment of behavior problems in dogs, but may be appropriate in dogs with territorial aggression that is a result of fear.”

This study doesn’t state what type of food was fed, although inference from the total article leads me to believe a commercial, dry dog food was utilized. In that light, the research is limited to this one type of diet, which is a processed food that is heavily laden with starches and carbohydrates.

Newer studies are trying to prove that tryptophan (an amino acid) can help reduce aggression. The idea is that tryptophan helps with the production of serotonin, which in turn helps produce calmness. However, a glitch in the current studies is that tryptophan must be consumed with soluble fiber and the actual production of serotonin occurs during the fermentation process in the gut. Studies have been done with pigs and rats, but the study with dogs was inclusive:

http://www.anu.wur.nl/UK/Research/Feedtechno/

“Aggressive behaviour, as well as anxiety or fearfulness in dogs, can sometimes lead to dangerous situations for the public. By changing diet composition to ensure a high enough tryptophan level and a more constant blood glucose and insulin concentration might reduce these types of behaviour. It is known that fermentable carbohydrates result in lesser fluctuations in insulin levels in the blood and that it can reduce activity in group housed pigs.

The aim of this project is to investigate which carbohydrates (in combination with tryptophan) can be added to dog’s diets without negatively affecting faecal quality (smell, volume etc.), and to investigate whether this can result in reduced undesired behaviour. “

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10953712

Effect of dietary protein content and tryptophan supplementation on dominance aggression, territorial aggression, and hyperactivity in dogs.

“For dominance aggression, behavioral scores were highest in dogs fed unsupplemented high-protein rations. For territorial aggression, [corrected] tryptophan-supplemented low-protein diets were associated with significantly lower behavioral scores than low-protein diets without tryptophan supplements. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For dogs with dominance aggression, the addition of tryptophan to high-protein diets or change to a low-protein diet may reduce aggression. For dogs with territorial aggression, tryptophan supplementation of a low-protein diet may be helpful in reducing aggression.”

While no description of the diets is revealed, my assumption is that these studies are limited to commercially processed dog food diets, which are already high in carbohydrates, use poor quality protein sources and may contain added preservatives. Their conclusion on these types of diets is that they ‘may’ reduce aggression, with no firm conclusive evidence to show that this is the case.

Further, tryptophan may not work the same in dogs as studies done with pigs, rats and humans, who have longer digestive tracts. See effects of 5-HTP on dogs (tryptophan converts to 5-HTP, and 5-HTP converts to serotonin):

http://www.jbc.org/content/224/2/803.full.pdf

INCREASE IN TISSUE SEROTONIN FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF ITS PRECURSOR 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN*

“When 5-hydroxytryptophan is administered to animals, it is rapidly taken up by most tissues and is converted to serotonin wherever 5HTP decarboxylase occurs. Brain levels more than 10 times normal have been reached and maintained for several hours. At these levels laboratory animals exhibit marked central disturbance, the effects being similar to those observed after administering the hallucinogenic drug, lysergic acid diethylamide.”

http://www.byedr.com/medicine/516-medicine-4.html

“Symptoms and signs of the serotonin syndrome include confusion, agitation, diaphoresis, tachycardia, myoclonus and hyperreflexia. In addition, hypertension, coma/unresponsiveness, seizure, and death may turn out if the syndrome is not promptly recognized and treated. There are no reports of the serotonin syndrome occurring near use of 5-HTP in humans. However, it could transpire and the combination of 5-HTP with another serotonergic agent can increase the risk of it occurring. As a side document, there are 21 cases of 5-HTP toxicosis reported contained by dogs. Accidental ingestion of 5-HTP by dogs resulted in a serotonin-like syndrome. Three of the dogs died.”

What isn’t explained is that serotonin needs to be fed with soluble carbohydrates and fermented in the gut to excrete serotonin. But dogs are carnivores, and since they wouldn’t eat carbohydrates in the wild, it wouldn’t make sense that they would require serotonin, at least in this form. Why would dogs need this nutrient when their anatomy has trouble digesting large amounts of soluble fiber? What most studies have concluded is that diets with the high levels of carbohydrates creates fecal and gas problems in dogs. The volume of stool is increased significantly, and dogs struggle to ferment and digest soluble fiber in large amounts.

The most logical answer is that dogs don’t need it. What dogs do need, being carnivores to remain calm and keep blood glucose levels stable, is high quality animal protein. In a process called glyconeogenesis, amino acids and fats are converted to glucose. When dogs are fed low amounts of animal based protein, they use carbohydrates for energy. But this type of energy is not consistent and the blood sugars fluctuate, by going up and then falling. This, in turn, creates mood swings. Creating glucose from animal based proteins and fats creates a stable blood sugar level, which keeps a dog calm and focused.

Amino acids are found in proteins, and dogs, as carnivores, specifically need animal based proteins. Plant proteins lack some of the amino acids, which dogs, as carnivores specifically need. This includes l-taurine (for heart health), and l-carnitine (also for the heart and organ health). When dogs get a full complement of amino acids, it is not only calming to them, but helps support their organs, skin, coat, eyes and brain. Meat is also rich in B vitamins and minerals, including iron (which is lacking in plant based foods).


To further substantiate this, William Campbell, author of “Behavior Problems in Dogs”, reports using high quality protein has helped stop hyper-activity in dogs, and used it in his training techniques with success: http://www.webtrail.com/petbehavior/april99.html

Feeding a dog a diet high in carbohydrates, especially starches and grains, will simply create less focus and blood sugar spikes. Additionally, when carbohydrates are higher than 35% of the diet, they have the potential to ‘protein starve’ the dog, in that the dog, being a carnivore, is not getting all the amino acids necessary to sustain and maintain healthy organs, brain function, and healthy coat and skin.

Fats are also a component needed for calmness. Not only is fat satiating (helps make a dog feel full) and helps ward off dehydration, but it also contains essential fatty acids. Most importantly, DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). Research has shown dogs that display more aggressive tendencies have lower blood serum levels of DHA.

http://www.omega3learning.purdue.edu/di ... tty-acids/

It is important to give dogs animal based sources of DHA (such as fish oils), as dogs have difficultly converting the ALA found in plant based oils. I give my dogs 180 EPA/120 DHA of fish oil per 10 to 20 lbs of body weight daily. Omega 3 fatty acids are fragile and difficult to find in food. I would also suggest using fish oil capsules, rather than bottled oil, as fish oil is fragile and easily destroyed by heat, light and air.

In conclusion, I would recommend a diet of high bioavailable animal proteins, fat and Omega 3 fatty acids to help dogs remain calm and stable. It is important to offer a variety of proteins, to make sure the dog is getting all the amino acids needed, for healthy organs, brain, nervous system function, and healthy skin, coat. If you are feeding a raw or homemade diet, it is easy enough to offer a variety of proteins. If you are feeding a commercial diet, change protein sources often and be sure to add fresh protein sources to the food, such as yogurt, eggs, meat and canned fish such as mackerel or salmon. Please note, not all aggression issues are due to diet. It is always a good idea to fully socialize any puppy or young dog through group training classes and by allowing the dog to experience numerous situations. Good food, good socialization and good training help make a calm, happy and healthy dog!

- See more at: http://www.b-naturals.com/newsletter/ca ... 4OZtI.dpuf

Bron: http://www.b-naturals.com/newsletter/ca ... n-in-dogs/

Re: koolhydraten, rauw voer en gedrag

Geplaatst: zo 17 nov 2013, 19:03
door Sanyo
Lizzy, bedankt voor het zoekwerk en het plaatsten van dit interessante leesvoer! :-*

Re: koolhydraten, rauw voer en gedrag

Geplaatst: zo 17 nov 2013, 19:49
door Juul
Hier ook bedankt!

Re: koolhydraten, rauw voer en gedrag

Geplaatst: zo 17 nov 2013, 21:22
door Sarah5
Bedankt voor het zoekwerk, ik vrees alleen dat ik over een jaar wel een keer een gaatje kan vinden om het te lezen en het dan ook te begrijpen  :P
Envie schreef: Ik kwam laatst een oud exemplaar van ''onze hond'' (blad) tegen met een heel artikel over wolven en hun gedrag in relatie tot de hond.

De schrijver, die jarenlang wolven in t wild heeft geobserveerd, legde uit hoe eiwitten uit melk kalmerende invloeden hadden op een roedel. Wanneer er onrust in de groep was, of zou kunnen ontstaan door het introduceren van de nieuwe welpen, zorgde het alfa wijfje dat er zoveel mogelijk op jonge zogende dieren werd gejaagd. Het eten van melkmagen zou kalmerend werken voor de roedel.

(dit is even mijn versie van wat ik er nog van weet, het blad kan ik even niet vinden...) 
Nu vraag ik me wel af of melk voeren dan eigenlijk goed zou zijn aangezien dit in het wild ook gebeurd door zogende dieren op te eten?